Influence ofΛ Hyperons 1S0 Superfluidity on the Direct Urca Processes with Hyperons

In the framework of the relativistic mean field theory (RMFT), the relativistic energy losses of the direct Urca processes withhyperons (Y-DURCA) for reactionsΛ→p + e +\bar{\nu}_{e} andΞ^- →Λ + e +ν_e arestudied in neutron stars. We calculate the energy gap ofΛ hyperons and investigate the effects of the ¹S₀superfluidity (SF) ofΛ hyperons on the Y-DURCA processes. The calculated results are in line with the recent experimental data\Delta B_ΛΛ∽1.01±0.20^+0.18_-0.11 MeV.The results indicate that the ¹S₀ SF ofΛ hyperons exists in most density ranges of happening the two reactions. The
theoretical cooling curves are in agreement with observation data.     

B→a0(1450)ρ(ω) Decays in Perturbative QCD Approach

In the two-quark model supposition for the meson a₀(1450), which can be viewed as either the first excited state (scenario I) or the lowest lying state (scenario II), the branching ratios and the direct CP-violating asymmetries for decays B→ a₀(1450)ρ(ω) are studied by employing the perturbative QCD factorization approach. We find the following results: (a) For the decays B^- → a⁰₀(1450)ρ^- and \bar{B}⁰ → a⁺₀(1450)ρ^-, their branching ratios have large
difference between two scenarios. Although their branching ratios are larger than other considered decay modes, their direct CP-violatingasymmetries in both scenarios are small. (b) For the decays B^-→ a^-₀(1450)ρ⁰ and \bar{B}⁰→ a^-₀(1450)ρ⁺, a⁰₀(1450)ρ⁰, a⁰₀(1450)ω, their branching ratios are close to each other between two scenarios, respectively. (c) Comparing with the decays \bar{B}⁰ →π⁰ρ⁰,π⁰π⁰, the decay \bar{B}⁰→ a⁰₀(1450)ρ⁰ receives a
larger branching ratio in each scenario, which is sensitive to the variation of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angleα.     

Dynamic fracture of concrete compact tension specimen: Experimental and numerical study

Compared to quasi-static loading concrete loaded by higher loading rates acts in a different way. There is an influence of strain-rate and inertia on resistance, failure mode and crack pattern. With increase of loading rate failure mode changes from mode-I to mixed mode. Moreover, theoretical and numerical investigations indicate that after the crack reaches critical velocity there is progressive increase of resistance and crack branching. These phenomena have recently been demonstrated and discussed by O?bolt et al. (2011) on numerical study of compact tension specimen (CTS) loaded by different loading rates. The aim of the present paper is to experimentally verify the results obtained numerically. Therefore, the tests and additional numerical studies on CTS are carried out. The experiments fully confirm the results of numerical prediction discussed in O?bolt et al. (2011). The same as in the numerical study it is shown that for strain rates lower than approximately 50/s the structural response is controlled by the rate dependent constitutive law, however, for higher strain rates crack branching and progressive increase of resistance is observed. This is attributed to structural inertia and not the rate dependent strength of concrete. Maximum crack velocity of approximately 800 m/s is measured before initiation of crack branching. The comparison between numerical and experimental results shows that relatively simple modeling approach based on continuum mechanics, rate dependent microplane model and standard finite elements is capable to realistically predict complex phenomena related to dynamic fracture of concrete.     

Large transverse momentum dilepton Production in heavy ion collisions with two-photon processes

The cold component of large transverse momentum dilepton production via semi-coherent two-photon interaction is calculated.The cold contribution is essential to the dilepton spectra in the soft region for different mass bins.The results are compared with the PHENIX experimental data at RHIC,and we find that the modification of semi-coherent two-photon processes is more evident with the rising dilepton mass bins.     

河型发育过程的二维数值模拟研究

改进已有二维平面水沙模型,进一步考虑河床粗化、弯道二次流及河床结构对泥沙输运的影响;并针对河湾形态对崩岸的影响提出新的非粘性土崩岸模拟方法,使其能模拟边滩的形成。利用改进后模型分别对Yen弯道水槽泥沙冲淤试验及Friendkin室内弯曲小河塑造试验进行模拟;模拟结果与试验观测资料吻合较好,表明考虑弯道对泥沙输运及河岸崩塌影响的模型能够更准确反映天然河流演化过程,为研究河型演化机理及各控制因素变化规律提供新手段。     

Exclusive Semi-leptonic Decays b→s(d)ν\bar{ν} in the Standard Model with Fourth Generation

We consider the effects of the fourth generation quarks on the rareBdecay processes described by the b→ s(d)ν \bar{ν} processes at the quark level. We find that the values of the branching ratios for some of these rare decay processes are much larger than the standard model (SM) predictions.
These processes can be used to constrain the relevant free parameters.     

Defining a stable water isotope framework for isotope hydrology application in a large trans-boundary watershed (Russian Federation/Ukraine)

Stable isotopes of hydrogen (²H) and oxygen (¹⁸O) of the water molecule were used to assess the relationship between precipitation, surface water and groundwater in a large Russia/Ukraine trans-boundary river basin. Precipitation was sampled from November 2013 to February 2015, and surface water and groundwater were sampled during high and low flow in 2014. A local meteoric water line was defined for the Ukrainian part of the basin. The isotopic seasonality in precipitation was evident with depletion in heavy isotopes in November–March and an enrichment in April–October, indicating continental and temperature effects. Surface water was enriched in stable water isotopes from upstream to downstream sites due to progressive evaporation. Stable water isotopes in groundwater indicated that recharge occurs mainly during winter and spring. A one-year data set is probably not sufficient to report the seasonality of groundwater recharge, but this survey can be used to identify the stable water isotopes framework in a weakly gauged basin for further hydrological and geochemical studies.     

铕原子4f76pns系列自电离态的光谱和动力学过程

通过共振激发技术和速度影像法对铕原子4f⁷6pns（n=7,8）自电离态进行了系统性的研究。首先采用三步共振激发技术探测光谱,通过前两步固定波长的激光将铕原子激发到4f⁷6p²态上后扫描第三步激光的波长,使得三步激光的能量总和位于铕原子4f⁷6pns（n=7,8）自电离态能域附近,从而得到该自电离态的光谱;然后采用速度影像法对其动力学过程进行探测,经过数据分析得到铕原子4f⁷6pns（n=7,8）自电离态的衰变分支比和弹射电子的角分布。不仅从光谱中观察到了强烈的组态相互作用并且确定了部分能态的总角动量,从自电离弹射电子角分布中观察到铕原子4f⁷6pns（n=7,8）自电离态复杂的物理机制,还在该能域内观测到了粒子数反转。最后,本文还对孤立实激发技术在探测低n值自电离态光谱的适用性进行了讨论。     

Hydrogen atom abstraction from Piperazine by hydroxyl radical: a theoretical investigation

Dual level of quantum mechanical calculations have been carried out for hydrogen abstraction from Piperazine [HN(CH₂CH₂)₂NH] initiated by OH radical. Geometry optimisation and frequency calculations of all species involved in the titled reaction have been performed at M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. For the accuracy in the thermochemistry and kinetics data, single-point energy calculations have been further carried out at coupled cluster CCSD(T) method along with 6-311G(d,p) basis set. An energy profile diagram for the reaction has been plotted along with pre-reactive and post-reactive complexes at entrance and exit channels. Intrinsic reaction coordinates (IRCs) calculations have been performed for identification of real transition states that connect it via reactant to product. Our result shows that the H-atom abstraction takes place from the C–H position of Piperazine. The rate constant is calculated using canonical transition state theory (CTST) is found to be 2.86 × 10^?10 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1 which is in good agreement with the reported experimental rate constant (2.38 ± 0.28) × 10^?10 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1 at 298 K. We have also reported rate constant for the temperature range 300–500 K. Using group-balance isodesmic reaction, the standard enthalpies of formation for Piperazine and product radicals generated by hydrogen abstraction are reported. The branching ratios for both reaction channel (i.e. H-abstraction from –CH₂ and –NH position of Piperazine) are found to be 93% and 7%, respectively. The calculated atmospheric life time of Piperazine is found to be 0.97 hour.     

Stochastic phenomena in a fiber Raman amplifier

The interplay of such cornerstones of modern nonlinear fiber optics as a nonlinearity, stochasticity and polarization leads to variety of the noise induced instabilities including polarization attraction and escape phenomena harnessing of which is a key to unlocking the fiber optic systems specifications required in high resolution spectroscopy, metrology, biomedicine and telecommunications. Here, by using direct stochastic modeling, the mapping of interplay of the Raman scattering‐based nonlinearity, the random birefringence of a fiber, and the pump‐to‐signal intensity noise transfer has been done in terms of the fiber Raman amplifier parameters, namely polarization mode dispersion, the relative intensity noise of the pump laser, fiber length, and the signal power. The obtained results reveal conditions for emergence of the random birefringence‐induced resonance‐like enhancement of the gain fluctuations (stochastic anti‐resonance) accompanied by pulse broadening and rare events in the form of low power output signals having probability heavily deviated from the Gaussian distribution.